Virtually any geometrical surface can be represented. There is an almost dizzying variety of surface types: spheres, conics, aspheres, cones, cylinders, toroids, zernikes, NURBs, various types of polynomials, and so on. Interestingly enough, for historical reasons, most optical design software systems do not define the optical system as a collection of optical elements but rather as a collection of optical surfaces positioned in space. With enhanced usability possible in modern software interfaces, optical design software can make even an inexperienced lens designer capable of developing astonishingly well-performing optical systems. In many ways, it parallels the capabilities of popular CAD (computer-aided design) software for mechanical design but with a very significant difference: Optical design software can make changes to the optical elements to improve a performance metric. Optical design software allows the user to develop a configuration of optical elements that manipulate the trajectory of light for the purposes of creating an image, illuminating a target, coupling into a fiber, and so on. Richard Pfisterer, Photon Engineering LLC
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